- how does mary flanagan’s definition of game differ from chris crawford’s as well as the definition crafted by katie salen and eric zimmerman?
Flanagan emphasizes that games can be seen as a form of cultural expression, while Crawford sees games as systems of interaction, focusing on the idea that games are interactive stories. Salen and Zimmerman define games more formally as structured activities
- what is an activist game?
An activist game is a game designed with the intention of making a political, social, or cultural statement.
- go and chess are examples of games that feature “perfect information”, what other games share that feature?
Checkers, Tic tac toe, connect four
- why might chance or gambling games hold spiritual or religious importance to ancient cultures?
Chance or gambling games may have held spiritual or religious significance because they represent the unpredictability of life or the will of the gods.
- when was the earliest battle between government/ religious groups and games? what modern games can you think of that have been banned or demonized?
One of the earliest recorded battles over games can be traced back to ancient Rome, where authorities sought to limit or ban games of chance like dice. In more recent years, D&D has been demonized.
- what is a fox game, and what would be a modern example?
A fox game refers to a game that involves trickery, manipulation, or misdirection. A modern example would be Mafia.
- what was the purpose or intent of the game: Mansion of Happiness?
Mansion of Happiness was a board game that was designed to teach children about virtue and the consequences of their actions.
- Why do artists from the Fluxus and Surealist movements play games? Why did Surealists believe games might help everyone?
Fluxus artists were interested in the breakdown of traditional art forms and the idea of making art part of everyday life, while Surealists believed that games could reveal the unconscious mind and inspire creativity.
- Changes in what can signal profound changes in games?
Changes in the social, cultural, or political environment can signal changes in the design and purpose of games.
- What statements did Fluxus artists make by reskinning games like monopoly and ping pong?
By reskinning games like Monopoly and Ping Pong, Fluxus artists were challenging the commercialization of play.
- How are artists like Lilian Ball, Marcel Duchamp, Takako Saito, Yoko Ono, Gabriel Orozco and Ruth Catlowusing war games?
These artists have engaged with war games as a means of avoiding traditional understandings of conflict and violence.
- Why is it important for players to have agency in a critical or serious game?
Agency in serious games is important because it allows players to feel that their actions have consequences.